Scientists Identify On/Off Switch in Stem Cells
A research team at the University of Chicago believe they have located a new gene in stem cells that determines whether or not the cell will develop into a specific cell type. Called Pax3, the gene is responsible for preserving a pool of stem cells. It is also directly involved in making melanocytes, the cells that make up skin and hair pigment while at the same time preventing the cells from completely differentiating. It is believed that some stem cells are prevented from differentiating so that the body is able to continue producing melanocytes. However, Pax3 is also involved in the formation of certain cancerous tumors, causing researchers to believe that some cancers may originate in stem cells. If this is the case, experts hope that this discovery will lead to new ways of treating cancer. Additionally, investigators optimistic that a better understanding of the Pax3 gene will lead to more efficient ways of growing cells.
Source: Steven Reinberg, Health, Forbes.comFebruary 8, 2005
Umbilical Jelly Shows Stem Cell Promise A new study by researchers at the University of Toronto has shown that umbilical cord blood is not the only source of stem cells found in the umbilical cord. The blood vessels contained within the umbilical cord are surround by a jelly-like substance known as Wharton's jelly. Thanks to the Canadian researchers, it has now been proven that Wharton's jelly is full of mesenchymal progenitor cells. These cells can be used to generate bones, cartilage and other tissue. Better still, investigators found that mesenchymal cells can be harvested and cultivated quickly; within 21 days enough stem cells can be generated for up to 1,000 therapeutic cell doses. Researchers will next test out these stem cells on mice to see how well they work. Source: Betterhumans.com
